[转载]28种癌症，70种靶向药|2018年最新版癌症靶向药盘点

癌症靶向治疗是指通过特异性干预癌症发生、发展密切相关的分子或信号通路，对癌症进行治疗的方法。2018年4月22日，万众瞩目的2018中国临床肿瘤学会（CSCO）指南大会于南京圆满落幕。本次CSCO大会共更新四大指南，发布八大新指南，对癌症靶向药物的使用有了更明确的指导。而我国药品审评审批制度调整以后，国外获得批准的新药进入国内市场的速度明显加快。医世象根据癌症种类和药物靶点，对2016年-2018年第一季度肿瘤靶向药物在中国的上市情况进行了汇总。

注：靶向药物的命名规则通常为单克隆抗体以“mab”结尾；小分子以"ib"结尾（表明该物质具有蛋白质抑制性质）；单克隆抗体又分为：嵌合人-鼠抗体以“ximab”结尾，人源化小鼠抗体为“zumab”结尾和完全人抗体“mumab”结尾。未在中国上市的药物尚无正式中文名称，文中提供的中文名为音译，仅供参考。 

附：FDA批准的肿瘤靶向药物（截至2018年4月24日）

胃食管结合部癌：Trastuzumab (Herceptin®), ramucirumab (Cyramza®) 

膀胱癌：Atezolizumab (Tecentriq™), nivolumab (Opdivo®), durvalumab (Imfinzi™), avelumab (Bavencio®), pembrolizumab (Keytruda®)

脑癌：Bevacizumab (Avastin®), everolimus (Afinitor®)

乳腺癌：Everolimus (Afinitor®), tamoxifen (Nolvadex), toremifene (Fareston®), Trastuzumab (Herceptin®), fulvestrant (Faslodex®), anastrozole (Arimidex®), exemestane (Aromasin®), lapatinib (Tykerb®), letrozole (Femara®), pertuzumab (Perjeta®), ado-trastuzumab emtansine (Kadcyla®), palbociclib (Ibrance®), ribociclib (Kisqali®), neratinib maleate (Nerlynx™), abemaciclib (Verzenio™), olaparib (Lynparza™)

宫颈癌：Bevacizumab (Avastin®)

结直肠癌：Cetuximab (Erbitux®), panitumumab (Vectibix®), bevacizumab (Avastin®), ziv-aflibercept (Zaltrap®), regorafenib (Stivarga®), ramucirumab (Cyramza®), nivolumab (Opdivo®)

隆凸性皮肤纤维肉瘤：Imatinib mesylate (Gleevec®)

内分泌/神经内分泌肿瘤：Lanreotide acetate (Somatuline® Depot), avelumab (Bavencio®), lutetium Lu 177-dotatate (Lutathera®)

头颈部癌：Cetuximab (Erbitux®), pembrolizumab (Keytruda®), nivolumab (Opdivo®) 

胃肠道间质瘤：Imatinib mesylate (Gleevec®), sunitinib (Sutent®), regorafenib (Stivarga®)

骨巨细胞瘤：Denosumab (Xgeva®)

肾癌：Bevacizumab (Avastin®), sorafenib (Nexavar®), sunitinib (Sutent®), pazopanib (Votrient®), temsirolimus (Torisel®), everolimus (Afinitor®), axitinib (Inlyta®), nivolumab (Opdivo®), cabozantinib (Cabometyx™), lenvatinib mesylate (Lenvima®), ipilimumab (Yervoy®)

白血病：Tretinoin (Vesanoid®), imatinib mesylate (Gleevec®), dasatinib (Sprycel®), nilotinib (Tasigna®), bosutinib (Bosulif®), rituximab (Rituxan®), alemtuzumab (Campath®), ofatumumab (Arzerra®), obinutuzumab (Gazyva®), ibrutinib (Imbruvica®), idelalisib (Zydelig®), blinatumomab (Blincyto®), venetoclax (Venclexta™), ponatinib hydrochloride (Iclusig®), midostaurin (Rydapt®), enasidenib mesylate (Idhifa®), inotuzumab ozogamicin (Besponsa®), tisagenlecleucel (Kymriah®), gemtuzumab ozogamicin (Mylotarg™), rituximab and hyaluronidase human (Rituxan Hycela™)

肝癌：Sorafenib (Nexavar®), regorafenib (Stivarga®), nivolumab (Opdivo®)

肺癌：Bevacizumab (Avastin®), crizotinib (Xalkori®), erlotinib (Tarceva®), gefitinib (Iressa®), afatinib dimaleate (Gilotrif®), ceritinib (LDK378/Zykadia™), ramucirumab (Cyramza®), nivolumab (Opdivo®), pembrolizumab (Keytruda®), osimertinib (Tagrisso™), necitumumab (Portrazza™), alectinib (Alecensa®), atezolizumab (Tecentriq™), brigatinib (Alunbrig™), trametinib (Mekinist®), dabrafenib (Tafinlar®), durvalumab (Imfinzi™)

淋巴瘤：Ibritumomab tiuxetan (Zevalin®), denileukin diftitox (Ontak®), brentuximab vedotin (Adcetris®), rituximab (Rituxan®), vorinostat (Zolinza®), romidepsin (Istodax®), bexarotene (Targretin®), bortezomib (Velcade®), pralatrexate (Folotyn®), ibrutinib (Imbruvica®), siltuximab (Sylvant®), idelalisib (Zydelig®), belinostat (Beleodaq®), obinutuzumab (Gazyva®), nivolumab (Opdivo®), pembrolizumab (Keytruda®), rituximab and hyaluronidase human (Rituxan Hycela™), copanlisib hydrochloride (Aliqopa™), axicabtagene ciloleucel (Yescarta™), acalabrutinib (Calquence®)

高度微卫星不稳定性/错配修复缺陷实体瘤：Pembrolizumab (Keytruda®)

多发性骨髓瘤：Bortezomib (Velcade®), carfilzomib (Kyprolis®), panobinostat (Farydak®), daratumumab (Darzalex™), ixazomib citrate (Ninlaro®), elotuzumab (Empliciti™) 

骨髓增生异常/骨髓增殖性疾病：Imatinib mesylate (Gleevec®), ruxolitinib phosphate (Jakafi®)

神经母细胞瘤：Dinutuximab (Unituxin™)

上皮型卵巢癌/输卵管癌/原发性腹膜癌：Bevacizumab (Avastin®), olaparib (Lynparza™), rucaparib camsylate (Rubraca™), niraparib tosylate monohydrate (Zejula™)

胰腺癌：Erlotinib (Tarceva®), everolimus (Afinitor®), sunitinib (Sutent®)

前列腺癌：Cabazitaxel (Jevtana®), enzalutamide (Xtandi®), abiraterone acetate (Zytiga®), radium 223 dichloride (Xofigo®), apalutamide (Erleada™)

皮肤癌：Vismodegib (Erivedge®), sonidegib (Odomzo®), ipilimumab (Yervoy®), vemurafenib (Zelboraf®), trametinib (Mekinist®), dabrafenib (Tafinlar®), pembrolizumab (Keytruda®), nivolumab (Opdivo®), cobimetinib (Cotellic™), alitretinoin (Panretin®), avelumab (Bavencio®)

软组织肉瘤：Pazopanib (Votrient®), olaratumab (Lartruvo™), alitretinoin (Panretin®)

胃癌：Pembrolizumab (Keytruda®)

系统性肥大细胞增生症：Imatinib mesylate (Gleevec®), midostaurin (Rydapt®)

甲状腺癌：Cabozantinib (Cometriq®), vandetanib (Caprelsa®), sorafenib (Nexavar®), lenvatinib mesylate (Lenvima®)